The term “Red man syndrome” is now replaced by Vancomycin infusion reaction (VIR)—a non-IgE histamine-release reaction important in perioperative care.

「Red man症候群」は今では“Vancomycin infusion reaction（VIR）”と呼ばれます。非IgE性ヒスタミン放出による発赤反応で、麻酔導入前にも注意が必要。周術期管理チーム・麻酔科専門医試験対策にも。

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains one of the most unpleasant experiences after anesthesia. This article explains how to predict, prevent, and treat PONV based on the Apfel risk score and the Fourth Consensus Guidelines (2020) — including evidence-based anesthetic techniques, pharmacologic prophylaxis, and rescue strategies for both adults and children.

PONV（術後悪心・嘔吐）は、麻酔後の患者満足度を大きく左右します。Apfelスコアによるリスク評価から、日本と海外の最新予防法・薬剤適応の違いまで、わかりやすく整理。

Sevo vs Des: a concise, practical comparison of induction, emergence, low-flow cautions, and environmental impact.

デスフルランとセボフルランの違いを現場目線でやさしく解説。導入・覚醒の速さ、気道刺激、低流量の注意点、環境負荷まで整理しています。周術期管理チーム試験対策・麻酔科専門医試験対策にも使えるまとめです。

"Did you know that inhaled anesthetics contribute to climate change and ozone depletion? 🌍 This article explains the environmental impact of sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, and nitrous oxide, why desflurane is being banned in the EU, and how low-flow anesthesia can be both safe and eco-friendly. Perfect for anesthesiology board exam prep and perioperative team training."

吸入麻酔薬が地球環境に影響しているって知っていますか？🌍 セボ・デス・イソ・亜酸化窒素のGWPや大気寿命、低流量麻酔の安全性と環境配慮をわかりやすく解説しました．周術期管理チーム試験・麻酔科専門医試験対策にも

Oxygen saturation (SpO₂ / SaO₂) shows how fully hemoglobin is loaded with oxygen. Think of hemoglobin as a car with four seats — the “occupancy rate” makes the concept much easier to grasp. A core concept for anesthesia board exams and perioperative management team training.