English version– category –

ASA-PS explained with clear examples and “E” for emergencies. A must-know common language for anesthesiologists and perioperative teams.

In the operating room, anesthesiologists usually perform intubation, but the greater risks lie in emergency ward or ER settings. Mistakes—especially esophageal intubation—can be fatal if undetected. While traditional confirmation methods have limitations, capnography remains the gold standard, and video laryngoscopes provide significant safety advantages.

Muscle relaxants are essential in anesthesia for safe intubation and surgery. They act only on skeletal muscle—so no, they don’t stop the heart. An educational piece for anesthesia trainees, perioperative team members, and exam preparation.

Prophylactic antibiotics in surgery — when to give, which drug to choose, and how long to continue. A practical review for perioperative teams and anesthesiology board exam preparation.

DOACs directly inhibit thrombin or factor Xa, unlike heparin and warfarin. Essential knowledge for anesthesiology and perioperative team exams.

A clear guide to intracranial hypertension: symptoms, Cushing’s triad, anesthetic considerations, and intraoperative ICP control.

Anesthesia in hypertensive patients: drug management, autoregulation shifts, and intraoperative blood pressure swings explained.

Upper airway obstruction causes inspiratory stridor, while lower airway obstruction produces expiratory wheeze. This article explains the difference with simple physics-based illustrations.

What does the number in parentheses next to blood pressure mean? 👀 It’s the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the key value that reflects organ perfusion. Explained with conversation-style Q&A, useful for anesthesiology board exam and perioperative management team exam preparation.