English version– category –

Anesthesia in hypertensive patients: drug management, autoregulation shifts, and intraoperative blood pressure swings explained.

Upper airway obstruction causes inspiratory stridor, while lower airway obstruction produces expiratory wheeze. This article explains the difference with simple physics-based illustrations.

What does the number in parentheses next to blood pressure mean? 👀 It’s the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the key value that reflects organ perfusion. Explained with conversation-style Q&A, useful for anesthesiology board exam and perioperative management team exam preparation.

Dead space explained: anatomic, alveolar, and physiologic types, VD/VT, PaCO₂–ETCO₂ gradient, with clinical notes on PE, pneumonia, and COPD (V/Q mismatch).

Basics of non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP): Korotkoff vs oscillometric methods, cuff size/position, ASA standards. For exam prep.

Clear explanation of pacemaker basics, perioperative checks, intraoperative settings, electrosurgery precautions, and troubleshooting. For anesthesiology board and perioperative team exams.

Are difficult mask ventilation and difficult intubation the same? Learn key differences, risks, and ASA 2022 airway guidelines.

How long does an oxygen cylinder last? Learn easy formulas with examples, cylinder factors, and safety margins explained clearly.

Oxygen therapy after anesthesia is routine, but why? This article explains the mechanisms of postoperative hypoxemia, why oxygen is supportive not curative, and the risks of excessive oxygen flow.